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Params: post, 198, a:7:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:84:"http://www.elanso.com/U/D/Ded/ed613095f70478593b75a0ea77227c5a/20090521111102161.jpg";}}}}i:1;s:3550:"如果我们在一个美国宇航局特制的塑料薄膜里放一点海藻，再加上城市废水，然后把它们一起放到海上，那么结果会得到什么呢？美国宇航局的专家告诉我们，我们得到的是一种足以减轻美国对国外石油依赖的清洁新能源。
美国宇航局位于加州Moffett Field的Ames研究中心的研究员Jonathan Trent认为，“种”海藻是一种多赢的举措。首先这种植物富含植物油而且很容易种植；其次在大海里种植节省了土地，节省下来的土地就可以用来种其他的作物；而且这个种植的过程中吸收的大气中的碳比其产生的要多，因而也就能改善大气的含碳量。
还有一个额外的好处，那就是这个系统可以将城市废水净化，然后排放到大海里。
Trent对探索新闻说：“我们所做的是在我们自己的宇宙飞船——地球上创造一个生态循环系统，唯一的问题是从来没有什么物种这样做过。”
位于密苏里州的行业协会——国家生物柴油委员会的发言人Michael Frohlich曾说到，在寻求化石能源替代物的道路上，海藻正成为越来越热门的候选品之一。
通常海藻都是在户外的大罐流水里种植，或者是生长在生物反应器里。海藻这种植物没英亩产出的植物油比诸如黄豆这些植物要多很多，但是种植海藻却又有一些技术难题需要克服。国家生物柴油委员会的技术顾问Alan Weber提到，如何很有效地抽干海藻生长的水就会是一个挺大的技术壁垒。
Trent的计划是将清水海藻种植在充满富营养废水的半透塑料薄膜里。自然海水的盐度会使得半透膜内的纯水流出来，而植物和营养物依然留在膜内。薄膜还可以防止盐水进入薄膜内部从而杀死海藻，同时潮水的涨落保持着海藻健康而均匀地分布着。种植的过程将废水处理成洁净的水排入海中，而且在收获完海藻后，那些塑料袋也是可以回收的。
这个概念已经在实验室里进行可行性实验了，得到了美国宇航局谷歌公司专项可持续能源计划40万美元的部分支持。Trent表示，Santa Cruz市也于本周表示愿意将他们的城市废水用于一项在太平洋上的示范性试验项目。这项计划同时也在另一项加州80万美金的能源拨款考虑之中。
Trent说：“未来的大问题是成规模种植......还要制定出对付海上风浪的方案。”
他又说到：“但这个国家工程实力是很强的，杜鲁门总统曾经说过‘当荣誉不属于某个个体时，所能获得的成就是无穷的’。”
康涅狄克州纽黑文大学专攻海藻菌株生物能用途的水文学家Carmela Cuomo指出，海中的海藻养殖场可能会产生很严重的环境问题。
她接受探索新闻采访时说：“我不是不看好这个想法，但是我必须对它有更深入的研究和认识，才能做出更加准确的判断。”
Cuomo认为这种方法完全处理过的废水将不再含有足够海藻生存的养分，而且如果薄膜破裂，还没有处理的废水将会对环境有危害。她还提到这些海藻牧场必须得十分靠近海洋表面以获得足够的阳光，从而得到生长。可是这样做的话对于小船在海上的顺利航行又是一大问题。
其实不论是种在海上还是陆地上，海藻最大的问题是如何才能获得足够的量。“得需要极多的海藻才能替代一家壳牌机油。”
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