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";i:2;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:80:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-0050923fa4a9957f7381e512b0b9c066_l.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:3;s:152:" 青铜马弓手，研究山脉，常在野外
四川盆地东部群山，形态别致，像皱巴巴的床单，你甚至还能找到一把扫帚。
";i:4;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f501aac1d8673e1757a0b020e0ef4131_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:5;s:97:"
底图来源 | Wang Xiaolin 2022 Geology
这种像皱巴巴的床单一样的地质构造，叫";i:6;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"侏罗山式褶皱";}}i:7;s:47:"。
像把扫帚的山体组合，可以称为";i:8;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"帚状褶皱";}}i:9;s:6:"。
";i:10;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:24:"一、侏罗山式褶皱";}}}}i:11;s:394:"
在中国，这种褶皱样式最为典型的地区就是川东。
侏罗山式褶皱发育于沉积盖层之中，为盖层沿基底滑动的结果。
其特点是深部基底并没有卷入变形，且盖层发育的背斜和向斜变形强度不同。
形态上，窄背斜为“档”，窄向斜称为“槽”。
因此，侏罗山式褶皱又分为两种：背斜宽向斜窄称为";i:12;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"隔槽式褶皱";}}i:13;s:27:"，向斜宽背斜窄称为";i:14;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"隔档式褶皱";}}i:15;s:5:"。
";i:16;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pica.zhimg.com/v2-c62e20908af99d673c55a20a989b8171_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:17;s:229:"
此处“紧闭”仅为表述方便，非构造地质学专业用语
早在 1916 年，地质学家 Buxtorf，绘制了瑞士侏罗山地区中生代地层褶皱样式的经典剖面，“侏罗山式褶皱”以此得名。
";i:18;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2c536f0b9b025d086c01cd7fa0eafc69_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:19;s:354:"
Ramsay 2 The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, Volume 2_ Folds and Fractures-Academic Press (1987) P546
侏罗山式褶皱，是沉积盖层沿基底滑动的结果，
因此，需要上层（盖层）和下层（基底）解耦，出现强烈的差异滑动变形：
上层滑动变形，形成褶皱，下层相对保存稳定，需要存在";i:20;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"力学薄弱层";}}i:21;s:6:"作为";i:22;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:9:"滑脱层";}}i:23;s:184:"。
如果仅以形态来论，忽略动力学机制，其与皱巴巴的桌布或地毯的成因相似（床单或地毯发生变形，但下方的床垫或地板变形微弱）：
";i:24;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6fdd68d1341de3e734e93564a39433b8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:25;s:1:"
";i:26;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-cf95be965c811fc1e8b66a3919195f47_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:27;s:325:"
图源 | 安东尼奥·桑汀画作
通常，需要上中下三层：
上层通常为沉积岩地层，最好是砂岩和泥岩互层（存在能干性差异）；
中层最好是较为软弱的地层，可作为滑脱层，例如膏岩或盐岩，也可以是平缓的断层；
下层通常是较为刚性的基底。
";i:28;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9aac241f832070ca8697016597ba8656_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:29;s:1:"
";i:30;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-eb73192733969ee1941a7451ac9f906f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:31;s:430:"
滑脱层是控制侏罗山式褶皱的主要因素。
以川东地区为例，这里的滑脱层主要由页岩、膏盐层、砂页岩和粘土层等抗剪强度较低的偏塑性物质组成。
该区受到来自东部雪峰山隆起的挤压，在基底之上产生滑脱变形，形成数百公里宽的滑脱褶皱。
现实情况是，不仅会形成一系列褶皱，还会伴生相关的断层，形成断褶带。
";i:32;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-89dd68cf0d079aa6239a45cde7c46e41_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:33;s:1:"
";i:34;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-31581cda16368e8e916f1095475f5cf5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:35;s:18:"
解国爱，2013
";i:36;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ad78e475c584c2017467c3a579fcac8b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:37;s:176:"
张必龙，2009
川东地区的构造样式，已得到地震、野外和构造分析等研究证实，
而且这个构造过程可以通过物理模拟的手段重现。
";i:38;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pica.zhimg.com/v2-428ad5a82120f9263a9bf4feafe28da5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:39;s:44:"
Yan DP，2003，Tectonophysics 361 239-254
";i:40;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-409d4cd39b4874f8d58da5a6af7a39c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:41;s:130:"
底图来自 Fossen，2016
研究人员会根据岩性的不同选取不同材料进行模拟，例如，针对川东地区：
";i:42;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:6:"indent";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:8:"[INDENT]";i:1;s:9:"[/INDENT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:193:"选取硅树脂模拟滑脱层，石英砂和微玻璃珠模拟沉积盖层，改变盖层与基底之间摩擦力、盖层的物性、滑脱层的埋藏深度等因素。（解爱国，2013）";}}i:43;s:1:"
";i:44;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-de585b89aebe8f72674daba426ab759a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:45;s:57:"
解国爱，2013
实验结果与实际情况相似：
";i:46;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-373c48791451a8587f5aa1becf29afc6_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:47;s:1:"
";i:48;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8c87a5aeb079f468478e53a189fced1b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:49;s:477:"
解国爱，2013
目前，对于川东地区隔槽式和隔挡式褶皱的形成机制还有争议。
有学者认为，早期先形成隔档式褶皱，随着挤压推覆进行，由隔档式褶皱逐渐发展演化成隔槽式褶皱，即前端为隔档式褶皱，后端为隔槽式褶皱。
也有学者认为，东带层间能干性差异小，出现隔槽式褶皱，西带能干层差异大，浅部出现隔档式褶皱，深部推测为隔槽式褶皱。
……
";i:50;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5bef702dab80e86c6b8c67574f9c8805_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:51;s:438:"
底图来源 | Wang Xiaolin 2022 Geology
据沉积学、热年代学等研究，川东的侏罗山式褶皱的形成时间跨度较长，初始形成可能是中生代，最终定型应该是在新生代。
构造动力应该来自东部，太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲速率和方向在地质历史时期发生变化导致的，但是在新生代受到西部印亚汇聚作用的改造，比如下文要说的帚状构造。
";i:52;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:27:"二、川东帚状褶皱带";}}}}i:53;s:92:"
关于川东帚状构造的成因和时间说法不一，本文参考王二七研究员（";i:54;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"i";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[I]";i:1;s:4:"[/I]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:14:"2014 Tectonics";}}i:55;s:241:"）的解释。
通常，在走滑构造背景下，由于地体剪切挤压，会形成一系列雁列式褶皱。
如果是左旋走滑，会形成“Z”型褶皱；
如果是右旋走滑，会形成“S”型褶皱（如下图）。
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底图据 Wang E，2014，Tectonics 修改
四川盆地南部有一条断裂，叫雷波断裂（LB. F）。
该断裂向东北方向延伸，逐渐消失在盆地内，成为一条右旋走滑的盲断裂。
在这条右旋走滑断层的影响下，先存的隔档式褶皱被改造成一系列东北向的“S”型褶皱，这些褶皱呈斜列模式排列，如下图底部模式图所示。
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Wang E，2014，Tectonics
雷波断裂的活动受新生代以来印亚汇聚的影响，
藏东地区的四川盆地和川滇菱形块体，像两个齿轮，
前者逆时针旋转，后者顺时针旋转，激活了雷波断裂的右旋走滑活动。
越靠近“齿轮”绞合带，受到的构造应力越大，变形也就越明显。
因此，这种斜列的“S”型褶皱主要发育在华蓥山南部，不均匀的受力方式，才能形成这种帚状构造。
";i:60;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:83:"https://pica.zhimg.com/v2-2681d5de470e1e5cc0e28f5aa65b9836_720w.jpg?source=8673f162";}}i:61;s:28:"
Wang E，2014，Tectonics
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川东地区这种纵向的平行排列的山脉，是侏罗山式褶皱和帚状构造的组合形态。
首先，四川盆地的地层具备形成侏罗山式褶皱的物质条件，即存在沉积盖层、滑脱层和结晶基底；
其次，川东所处的构造位置为该构造的形成提供的动力条件，四川盆地位于太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域的交锋部位，中生代中国东部的古太平洋的构造应力传递到四川盆地东缘，侏罗山式构造逐渐形成。
最终，受到新生代以来印亚汇聚的持续影响，四川盆地发生逆时针旋转，盆地边缘发生强烈变形，侏罗山式构造最终成型，并且在其南部叠加了右旋走滑构造，形成了帚状构造。
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上图来自吴航，2019；下图来自 Fossen，2016
";i:66;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:2:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"参考文献";}}i:1;s:3:"：";}}i:67;s:1044:"
Yan D P, Zhou M F, Song H L, et al. Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China)[J]. Tectonophysics, 2003, 361(3-4): 239-254.
Wang E, Meng K, Su Z, et al. Block rotation: Tectonic response of the Sichuan basin to the southeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau along the Xianshuihe‐Xiaojiang fault[J]. Tectonics, 2014, 33(5): 686-718.
Wang, X., et al., 2022, Fluid inclusion evidence for extreme overpressure induced by gas generation in sedimentary basins: Geology, v. 50, p. 765–770.
吴航. 川东地区中—新生代构造隆升过程研究[D]. 中国石油大学(北京), 2019. DOI:10.27643/d.cnki.gsybu.2019.000127.
解国爱,贾东,张庆龙,吴晓俊,沈礼,吕赟珊,邹旭.川东侏罗山式褶皱构造带的物理模拟研究[J].地质学报,2013,87(06):773-788.
张必龙,朱光,胡召齐,向必伟,张力,陈印.川东“侏罗山式”褶皱的数值模拟及成因探讨[J].地质论评,2009,55(05):701-711.DOI:10.16509/j.georeview.2009.05.011.";}, 1621686945, 1715153239
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